# Muqarnas ## expand\_more ### ***Muqarnas: An Annual on** **Material, Visual, and Architectural Cultures of the Islamic World*** **Editorial Board** Ali Asani, Khaled El-Rouayheb, Emine Fetvacı, Eva Hoffman, Cemal Kafadar, Nasser Rabbat, David J. Roxburgh, Wheeler Thackston, James Wescoat **Advisory Board** Sussan Babaie, Michele Bernardini, Zeynep Çelik, Anna Contadini, Chanchal Dadlani, Jerrilynn Dodds, Massumeh Farhad, Finbarr B. Flood, Alain George, Lisa Golombek, Margaret Graves, Christiane Gruber, Robert Hillenbrand, Renata Holod, Linda Komaroff, Lorenz Korn, Justine Landau, R. D. McChesney, Marcus Milwright, Bernard O’Kane, Yves Porter, Scott Redford, Kishwar Rizvi, Cynthia Robinson, J. Michael Rogers, D. Fairchild Ruggles, Avinoam Shalem, Priscilla Soucek, Maria Subtelny, Heghnar Watenpaugh **What is** ***Muqarnas*****?** The Aga Khan Program at Harvard sponsors publication of scholarly works on the history of Islamic art and architecture.*Muqarnas: An Annual on Material, Visual, and Architectural Cultures of the Islamic World*, is a yearly volume of articles on art and architectural history, edited by Professor Gülru Necipoğlu. [*Muqarnas* 41](https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/71378?language=en&srsltid=AfmBOooxaWo3jFClpnGsZ1pmhZKjNbaxtDLi4s7d3u3nqHnPNcSUBSK-) begins with Professor Gülru Necipoğlu’s remembrance of His Late Highness Prince Karim al-Hussaini Aga Khan IV (1936–2025), who in 1979 established the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at Harvard University and MIT. The volume features groundbreaking research on topics such as early Ottoman silk banners decorated with gold and silver, as well as silk carpets made for the tomb of Shah Abbas II; it also contains part II of an article on the Alhambra’s House of Paintings, which analyzes the exceptional figurative paintings on that building’s second floor (see *Muqarnas* 40, pp. 69–102, for Part I). Other articles reassess the paintings of the British Library/Chester Beatty *Akbarnāma* and compare medieval *zawīya*s in the Maghrib and Anatolia. Authors include Walid Akef, Íñigo Almela, Mounia Chekhab-Abudaya, Gwendolyn Collaço, Heike Franke, Tuba Kurtuluş, Sarah Molina, and Nur Sobers-Khan. We are also honored to publish in this volume the last article by Catherine B. Asher (1947–2023), professor emerita in the Department of Art History at the University of Minnesota and a longtime member of the *Muqarnas* advisory board. **Where can I purchase** ***Muqarnas*****?** [*Muqarnas*](https://brill.com/view/serial/MUQ) can be purchased directly through our publisher, [Brill](https://brill.com/), in most cases. It can also be purchased via special order at a local bookshop. Please be aware that *Muqarnas* has a limited print run and therefore some volumes may be out of print. You can view manuscripts from volumes 1-37 via [Archnet](https://archnet.org/collections/43/details). Sort[ ![Muqarnas vol. 41 cover](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/2026-01/Muq%2041%20COVER%20JPG.jpg?itok=M9snIzt2) ](https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/71378?language=en&srsltid=AfmBOooxaWo3jFClpnGsZ1pmhZKjNbaxtDLi4s7d3u3nqHnPNcSUBSK-) ***Muqarnas 41*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Karen A. Leal Publ. 2025 ISBN 9789004715912 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](https://agakhan.fas.harvard.edu/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/2026-01/M41%20Table%20of%20Contents.pdf) [ ![Muqarnas 40](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muq40_low_res.jpg?itok=C5d0noBk) ](https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/65133?language=en) ***Muqarnas 40*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Karen A. Leal Publ. 2023 ISBN 9789004549630 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/565) [ ![Muqarnas 39](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muq39_cover.jpg?itok=Bxrenwht) ](https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/63941?rskey=wgJhcG&result=1) ***Muqarnas 39*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Maria J. Metzler Publ. 2022 ISBN 9789004533301 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/512) [ ![Muqarnas 38 Cover](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muq38_cover.jpg?itok=YEUAdT9d) ](https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/61274) ***Muqarnas 38*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Maria J. Metzler Publ. 2021 ISBN 9789004500709 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/474) [ ![Muqarnas 37](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muq_37_coverfront_jpg.jpg?itok=iDB5GoVJ) ](https://brill-com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/view/title/56717) ***Muqarnas 37*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Maria J. Metzler Publ. 2020 ISBN 9789004431928 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/446) ![Muqarnas 36 cover](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muq_36_cover.jpg?itok=r3X65PkY) ***Muqarnas 36*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Maria J. Metzler Publ. 2019 ISBN 9789004419452 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/413) ![Muqarnas 35 thumb](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muq_35_cover_thumb.jpg?itok=916O3x6J) ***Muqarnas 35*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Maria J. Metzler Publ. 2018 ISBN 9789004386976 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/398) [ ![M34](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/a_.jpg?itok=zfFt0zOA) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/35277) ***Muqarnas 34*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Maria J. Metzler Publ. 2017 ISBN 9789004354425 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/399) [ ![Muqarnas 33](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muq33cover.jpg?itok=giu0nx6s) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/33527) ***Muqarnas 33*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Karen A. Leal Publ. 2016 ISBN 9789004322820 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/400) [ ![Muq32 Cover](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muq32_cover_no_distort.jpg?itok=Ptoi_6wp) ](http://www.brill.com/products/reference-work/muqarnas-32) ***Muqarnas 32*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Karen A. Leal Publ. 2015 ISBN 9789004298989 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/201) [ ![Muqarnas 31](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muq_31_cover.jpg?itok=TLd3U5vj) ](http://www.brill.com/products/reference-work/muqarnas-31) ***Muqarnas 31*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Karen A. Leal Publ. 2014 ISBN 9789004277427 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/203) [ ![Muqarnas 30](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muq30cover.jpg?itok=grChbaH1) ](http://www.brill.com/muqarnas-volume-30) ***Muqarnas 30*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Karen A. Leal Publ. 2013 ISBN 9789004255760 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/205) [ ![Muqarnas 29](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muq29cover2.jpg?itok=35iW4KCS) ](http://www.brill.com/muqarnas-volume-29) ***Muqarnas 29*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Karen A. Leal Publ. 2012 ISBN 9789004234208 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/207) [ ![Muqarnas 28](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas_28_cover.jpg?itok=218XU1ft) ](http://www.brill.nl/muqarnas-volume-28) ***Muqarnas 28*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Karen A. Leal Publ. 2011 ISBN 978-90-04-18511-1 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/209) [ ![Muqarnas 27](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas27.jpg?itok=5DirUz6s) ](https://brill.com/view/title/18681) ***Muqarnas 27*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Karen A. Leal Publ. 2010 ISBN 978-90-04-18511-1 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/211) [ ![Muqarnas 26](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas26.jpg?itok=eyAmurog) ](https://brill.com/view/title/16805) ***Muqarnas 26*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Karen A. Leal Publ. 2009 ISBN 978-90-04-17589-1 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/213) [ ![Muqarnas 25](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas25.jpg?itok=EFNN07ZM) ](https://brill.com/view/title/15335) ***Muqarnas 25*** *Frontiers of Islamic Art and Architecture: Essays in Celebration of Oleg Grabar's Eightieth Birthday* Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Julia Bailey Publ. 2008 ISBN: 978-90-04-17327-9 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/215) [ ![Muqarnas 24](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas24.jpg?itok=3LtUARZH) ](https://brill.com/view/title/14600) ***Muqarnas 24*** *Historiography and Ideology: Architectural Heritage of the "Lands of Rum"* Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Julia Bailey Publ. 2007 ISBN: 978-90-04-16320-1 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/216) [ ![Muqarnas 23](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas23.jpg?itok=zM_XP2oS) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/12789) ***Muqarnas 23*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Julia Bailey Publ. 2006 ISBN: 978-90-04-15492-2 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/218) [ ![Muqarnas 22](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas22.jpg?itok=1tOD32jK) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/12456) ***Muqarnas 22*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Julia Bailey Publ. 2005 ISBN: 978-90-04-14702-0 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/220) [ ![Muqarnas 21](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas21.jpg?itok=NDFFXU80) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/8526) ***Muqarnas 21*** Guest Editors: Doris Behrens-Abouseif and Anna Contadini Managing Editor: Julia Bailey Publ. 2004 ISBN: 978-90-04-13964-8 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/222) [ ![Muqarnas 20](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas20.jpg?itok=N5JBRRy2) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/8378) ***Muqarnas 20*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Julia Bailey Publ. 2003 ISBN: 978-90-04-13207-4 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/224) [ ![Muqarnas 19](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas19.jpg?itok=MR4e_oav) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/7793) ***Muqarnas 19*** Editor, Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: the late Margaret Ševčenko Publ. 2002 ISBN: 978-90-04-12593-0 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/226) [ ![Muqarnas 18](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas18.jpg?itok=qDEFA07o) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/7356) ***Muqarnas 18*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Margaret Ševčenko Publ. 2001 ISBN: 978-90-04-12234-6 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/228) [ ![Muqarnas 17](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas17.jpg?itok=eH-3-6dr) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/6886) ***Muqarnas 17*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Margaret Ševčenko Publ. 2000 ISBN: 978-90-04-11669-9 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/231) [ ![Muqarnas 16](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas16.jpg?itok=5hQfsPN5) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/1339) ***Muqarnas 16*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Margaret Ševčenko Publ. 1999 ISBN: 978-90-04-11482-3 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/233) [ ![Muqarnas 15](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas15.jpg?itok=GQGPArVs) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/6729) ***Muqarnas 15*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Margaret Ševčenko Publ. 1998 ISBN: 978-90-04-11084-4 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/234) [ ![Muqarnas 14](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas14.jpg?itok=qV6p8WDQ) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/544) ***Muqarnas 14*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Margaret Ševčenko Publ. 1997 ISBN: 978-90-04-10872-6 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/236) [ ![Muqarnas 13](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas13.jpg?itok=mIOnSd_x) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/997) ***Muqarnas 13*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Margaret Ševčenko Publ. 1996 ISBN: 978-90-04-10633-2 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/238) [ ![Muqarnas 12](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas12.jpg?itok=CZDWfRu2) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/2616) ***Muqarnas 12*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Margaret Ševčenko Publ. 1995 ISBN: 978-90-04-10314-7 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/240) [ ![Muqarnas 11](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas11.jpg?itok=VBr0WwbP) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/1317) ***Muqarnas 11*** Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Margaret Ševčenko Publ. 1994 ISBN: 978-90-04-10070-9 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/242) [ ![Muqarnas 10](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas10.jpg?itok=NUdezQZp) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/6803) ***Muqarnas 10*** *Essays in Honor of Oleg Grabar* Editor: Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor: Margaret Ševčenko Publ. 1993 ISBN: 978-90-04-09748-1 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/244) [ ![Muqarnas 9](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas9.jpg?itok=9ngaau6B) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/1258) ***Muqarnas 9*** Editor: Oleg Grabar Managing Editor: Margaret Ševčenko Publ. 1992 ISBN: 978-90-04-09625-6 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/247) [ ![Muqarnas 8](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas8.jpg?itok=3jV3VDcO) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/6802) ***Muqarnas 8*** *K.A.C. Creswell and His Legacy* Editor: Oleg Grabar Managing Editor: Margaret Ševčenko Publ. 1991 ISBN: 978-90-04-09372-9 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/248) [ ![Muqarnas 7](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas7.jpg?itok=X2sGUel2) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/6800) ***Muqarnas 7*** Editor: Oleg Grabar Managing Editor: Margaret Ševčenko Publ. 1990 ISBN: 978-90-04-09347-8 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/250) [ ![Muqarnas 6](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas6.jpg?itok=ksxp2apR) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/6801) ***Muqarnas 6*** Editor: Oleg Grabar Managing Editor: Margaret Ševčenko Publ. 1989 ISBN: 978-90-04-09050-9 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/252) [ ![Muqarnas 5](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas5.jpg?itok=fnaaxhpa) ](https://brill.com/view/title/6500) ***Muqarnas 5*** Editor: Oleg Grabar Managing Editor: Margaret Ševčenko Publ. 1988 ISBN: 978-90-04-08647-1 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/254) [ ![Muqarnas 4](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas4.jpg?itok=OgTiZBqC) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/240) ***Muqarnas 4*** Editor: Oleg Grabar Managing Editor: Margaret Ševčenko Publ. 1987 ISBN: 978-90-04-08155-0 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/256) [ ![Muqarnas 3](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas3.jpg?itok=ZC2N8e6G) ](https://brill.com/abstract/title/239) ***Muqarnas 3*** Editor: Oleg Grabar Managing Editor: Margaret Ševčenko Publ. 1985 ISBN: 978-90-04-07611-5 Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands [Table of Contents](/file_url/258) [ ![Muqarnas 2](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas2.jpg?itok=kNG1VAhg) ](https://archnet.org/collections/43/publications/3312) ***Muqarnas 2*** Editor: Oleg Grabar Managing Editor: Margaret Ševčenko Publ. 1984 ISBN: 978-0-300-03137-8 Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, USA [Table of Contents](/file_url/260) [ ![Muqarnas 1](/sites/g/files/omnuum9891/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/agakhan/files/muqarnas1.jpg?itok=YE5sKREi) ](https://archnet.org/collections/43/publications/4420) ***Muqarnas 1*** Editor: Oleg Grabar Managing Editor: Margaret Ševčenko Publ. 1983 ISBN: 978-0-300-02837-7 Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, USA [Table of Contents](/file_url/262)